The Knee Joint
The knee joint is a hinge joint made up of the end of the thigh bone (femur), the top of the leg bone (tibia) and the kneecap (patella) with the fundamental motion of straightening and bending. The motion is slightly complicated as the surfaces glide and roll upon one another.
The bone’s ends are layered with a shiny coating called the articular cartilage. The articular cartilage allows the smooth movement of the bones with minimal resistance. The articular cartilage can be viewed as a space between the bones on an X-ray.
The knee is composed of 3 parts- the medial, the lateral and the patella femoral. Additionally, the knee joint consists of two special cartilages called the lateral and medial meniscus which act like shock absorbers in the knee joint. Additionally, the knee consists of 2 ligaments called the anterior cruciate ligament and the posterior cruciate ligament that maintain the stability of the knee.
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